AC 51 - Gela, silver, litrae (430-425 BCE)
From SILVER
430 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 771 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted horseman galloping left, holding spear and round shield with his left hand |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | CEΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart of a man-headed bull to right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 430 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 425 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.65 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | litra
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
AC 51 - Gela, silver, litra, 430-425 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19701Jenkins 1970, p. 252-254, n° 401-453A (groupe VI). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 797, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 51, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 374 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 21 | 53.85 | 21 | 24.71 | 419, 424, 428, 429, 430, 433, 434, 441, 441A, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 453A |
| 2 | 7 | 17.95 | 14 | 16.47 | 401, 413, 415, 416, 435, 436, 439 |
| 3 | 5 | 12.82 | 15 | 17.65 | 407, 409, 410, 437, 442 |
| 4 | 2 | 5.13 | 8 | 9.41 | 418, 425 |
| 6 | 1 | 2.56 | 6 | 7.06 | 411 |
| 7 | 3 | 7.69 | 21 | 24.71 | 402, 420, 431 |
| Total | 39 of 39 | 100 | 85 of 85 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 21 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 54 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 85 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.18 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.57 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.38 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 53.85 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 59.29 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,185,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 72.07 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 75.29% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,867.26 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 771 kg <br /> 771 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 7,168.16 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
