AC 48 - Gela, silver, tetradrachms (450-440 BCE)
From SILVER
450 BCE - 440 BCE Silver 3,020 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bearded charioteer driving slow quadriga right, above, Nike flying right to crown the horses |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | CEΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart of man-headed bull to right, the river-god Gelas. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 450 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 440 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
AC 48 - Gela, silver, tetradrachm, 450-440 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19701Jenkins 1970, p. 235-242, n° 339-350 (Group IV) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 792-793, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 48, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 343 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 1 | 11.11 | 2 | 1.32 | 70 |
| 9 | 1 | 11.11 | 9 | 5.92 | 73 |
| 10 | 2 | 22.22 | 20 | 13.16 | 67, 72 |
| 11 | 2 | 22.22 | 22 | 14.47 | 65, 71 |
| 19 | 1 | 11.11 | 19 | 12.5 | 68 |
| 35 | 1 | 11.11 | 35 | 23.03 | 66 |
| 45 | 1 | 11.11 | 45 | 29.61 | 69 |
| Total | 9 of 9 | 99.99 | 152 of 152 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 19 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 152 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 16.89 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.11 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.83 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 176,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.57 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00086 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 34,428.09 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,020 kg <br /> 3,020 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 86,070.22 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
