AC 45 - Gela, silver, tetradrachms (480-470 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 470 BCE Silver 6,100 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Charioteer driving quadriga moving slowly to the right, above, Nike flying right to crown the horses |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | CEΛAΣ (Greek).Forepart of man-headed bull right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Gela | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 470 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.35 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
AC 45 - Gela, silver, tetradrachm, 480-470 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19701Jenkins 1970, p. 201-218, n° 104-186 (Group II) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 785, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 45, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 338 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 1 | 5.56 | 2 | 0.59 | 45 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.56 | 3 | 0.89 | 43 |
| 7 | 2 | 11.11 | 14 | 4.15 | 40, 41 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.56 | 9 | 2.67 | 43 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.56 | 10 | 2.97 | 50 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.56 | 15 | 4.45 | 37 |
| 18 | 1 | 5.56 | 18 | 5.34 | 47 |
| 21 | 1 | 5.56 | 21 | 6.23 | 36, 42 |
| 24 | 2 | 11.11 | 48 | 14.24 | 44, 48 |
| 25 | 2 | 11.11 | 50 | 14.84 | 35, 46 |
| 26 | 2 | 11.11 | 52 | 15.43 | 34, 38 |
| 28 | 1 | 5.56 | 28 | 8.31 | 33 |
| 31 | 1 | 5.56 | 31 | 9.2 | 32 |
| 36 | 1 | 5.56 | 36 | 10.68 | 39 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.04 | 337 of 337 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 49 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 337 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 18.72 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.88 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.72 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 17.58 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 351,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 19.02 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00096 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 38,339.02 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,100 kg <br /> 6,100 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 95,847.55 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1970), The Coinage of Gela, AMUGS II, 2 vol., Berlin
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
