AC 191 - Athens, silver, tetradrachms (510-475 BCE)
From SILVER
510 BCE - 475 BCE Silver 143,981 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena r., wearing crested Attic helmet and disc earring |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΘE (Greek).Owl standing r. with closed wings, head facing, in upper l. field, olive-twig. All within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Athens | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Attica | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 510 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 475 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic and Classical |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
AC191 Athens.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Seltman 19241Seltman 1924, Groupes C, E, F, Gi, Gii, H, L, M and N. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 1839, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 191 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 139 | 59.15 | 139 | 32.33 | 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 63, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138, 139, 141, 143, 145, 146, 150, 151, 152, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 167, 170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 184, 185, 187, 189, 192, 195, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 232, 233, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 287, 288, 291, 292, 293, 295, 297, 298 |
| 2 | 54 | 22.98 | 108 | 25.12 | 40, 43, 76, 80, 85, 87, 93, 94, 103, 106, 107, 108, 114, 123, 127, 128, 130, 131, 137, 142, 144, 156, 157, 163, 166, 168, 169, 171, 173, 181, 183, 188, 190, 191, 197, 198, 218, 219, 224, 231, 236, 245, 251, 252, 258, 259, 266, 267, 277, 283, 286, 289, 290, 299 |
| 3 | 18 | 7.66 | 54 | 12.56 | 38, 39, 62, 64, 71, 74, 88, 99, 105, 117, 118, 140, 149, 155, 165, 186, 294, 296 |
| 4 | 10 | 4.26 | 40 | 9.3 | 65, 66, 68, 122, 129, 134, 154, 193, 214, 235 |
| 5 | 4 | 1.7 | 20 | 4.65 | 34, 113, 229, 254 |
| 6 | 5 | 2.13 | 30 | 6.98 | 91, 159, 178, 182, 234 |
| 7 | 2 | 0.85 | 14 | 3.26 | 147, 196 |
| 8 | 2 | 0.85 | 16 | 3.72 | 194, 240 |
| 9 | 1 | 0.43 | 9 | 2.09 | 148 |
| Total | 235 of 235 | 100.01 | 430 of 430 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 235 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 139 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 311 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 430 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.83 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.38 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.32 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 59.15 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 419.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 8,395,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 518.21 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 67.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,048.74 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 143,981 kg <br /> 143,981 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,121.85 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Seltman, Charles T. (1924), Athens. Its History and Coinage before the Persian, Cambridge, 228 p., 24 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
