AC 180 - Pharsalus, silver, hemidrachms (479-457 BCE)
From SILVER
479 BCE - 457 BCE Silver 1,490 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted head of Athena r., wearing earring |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦAP (Greek).Head of bridled horse r. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pharsalus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thessaly | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 479 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 457 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Lavva 2001, n° 1-3, 5-6, 8-9, 11-13, 15-19, 21, 24-36, 44, 46-77. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 2187, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 180 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 14.29 | 4 | 0.92 | 18, 29a, 37, 38a |
| 2 | 2 | 7.14 | 4 | 0.92 | 16, 32 |
| 5 | 1 | 3.57 | 5 | 1.14 | 17 |
| 6 | 2 | 7.14 | 12 | 2.75 | 36, 39 |
| 7 | 1 | 3.57 | 7 | 1.6 | 31 |
| 9 | 2 | 7.14 | 18 | 4.12 | 20, 35 |
| 12 | 1 | 3.57 | 12 | 2.75 | 11 |
| 13 | 2 | 7.14 | 26 | 5.95 | 19, 33 |
| 15 | 1 | 3.57 | 15 | 3.43 | 38 |
| 16 | 1 | 3.57 | 16 | 3.66 | 4 |
| 19 | 1 | 3.57 | 19 | 4.35 | 1 |
| 20 | 1 | 3.57 | 20 | 4.58 | 8 |
| 21 | 2 | 7.14 | 42 | 9.61 | 2, 6 |
| 24 | 1 | 3.57 | 24 | 5.49 | 30 |
| 28 | 1 | 3.57 | 28 | 6.41 | 12 |
| 29 | 2 | 7.14 | 58 | 13.27 | 9, 14 |
| 33 | 1 | 3.57 | 33 | 7.55 | 27 |
| 46 | 1 | 3.57 | 46 | 10.53 | 21 |
| 48 | 1 | 3.57 | 48 | 10.98 | 29 |
| Total | 28 of 28 | 99.97 | 437 of 437 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 28 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | NC"NC" is not a number. | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 437 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.61 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 14.29 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 27.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 551,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 29.92 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00079 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.08% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 31,678.14 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,490 kg <br /> 1,490 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 79,195.36 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Lavva, Stella (2001), Die Münzprägung von Pharsalos, Saarbrücken, 254 p., 29 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
