AC 158 - Olynthus (Chalcidian League), bronze, module A (400-348 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7722

400 BCE - 348 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Apollo left or right, wearing laurel wreath.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	X-A-Λ-KIΔ-ΕΩΝ (Greek).Kithara

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Olynthus

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Macedon

Modern countryModern country: Greece

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chalcidian League (c. 430-348 BC)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

400 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

348 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

3.50

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

Module A

StandardStandard.:

Image

AC158 Olynthus.jpeg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Psoma 20011Psoma 2001, p. 19-54 (n° 1-398 du catalogue)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	HGC 3.12HGC 3.1, n° 511, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 158
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/olynthus.psoma 2001.denomination a-c

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	130	46.1	130	21.74	I.1, I.3, II.2, II.6, III.3, III.5, III.7, III.8, III.9, III.11, IV.1, IV.3, IV.4, IV.5, IV.10, IV.15, IV.16, IV.17, IV.18, IV.19, IV.21, IV.22, IV.23, V.3, V.4, V.5, VI.1, VI.3, VI.6, VII.2, VII.3, VII.7, VII.9, VII.11, VII.12, VII.13, VII.14, VII.15, VIII.1, VIII.2, IX.2, IX.3, IX.4, IX.6, IX.7, X.2, X.3, X.5, XI.1, XI.2, XI.4, XI.6, XI.7, XI.11XI.13, XI.14, XII.1, XII.3, XII.4, XII.5, XII.6, XII.9, XII.10, XII.12, XII.13, XIII.1, XIII.3, XIV.3, XIV.4, XIV.6, XIV.7, XIV.8, XIV.9, XIV.11, XIV.12, XIV.13, XIV.14, XIV.18, XVI.3, XVI.7, XVI.8, XVI.10, XVI.11, XVI.13, XVI.15, XVI.18, XVI.19, XVI.22, XVI.24, XVI.25, XVI.30, XVII.1, XVII.2, XVII.4, XVII.6, XVII.7, XVII.9, XVII.10, XVII.11, XVIII.1, XVIII.3, XVIII.6, XVIII.8, XIX.5, XIX.6, XIX.10, XIX.19, XIX.20, XIX.21, XIX.23, XIX.24, XX.1, XX.2, XX.5, XX.8, XXII.4, XXII.7, XXII.9, XXII.10, XXII.11, XXII.14, XXII.1a, XXII.4a, XXIII.3, XXIV.1, XXIV.3, XXV.4, XXV.5, XXV.10, XXV.13
2	83	29.43	166	27.76	II.1, II.3, III.2, IV.2, IV.6, IV.9, IV.12, IV.13, IV.20, IV.25, IV.26, V.2, VI.2, VI.4, VI.5, VI.7, VI.8, VII.1, VII.4, VII.6, VII.10, VIII.4, XI.3, XI.5, XI.9, XI.10, XI.15, XII.2, XII.8, XIII.2, XIV.1, XIV.2, XIV.5, XIV.15, XIV.19, XV.1, XV.2, XV.5, XVI.1, XVI.2, XVI.4, XVI.5, XVI.6, XVI.9, XVI.12, XVI.14, XVI.16, XVI.17, XVI.20, XVI.21, XVI.27, XVI.31, XVII.5, XVII.8, XVIII.2, XVIII.5, XVIII.7, XIX.1, XIX.4, XIX.7, XIX.9, XIX.12, XIX.13, XIX.18, XX.9, XXI.1, XXI.2, XXII.1, XXII.5, XXII.8, XXII.13, XXII.2a, XXII.3a, XXII.5a, XXIII.2, XXIII.4, XXIV.2, XXIV.4, XXIV.7, XXV.6, XXV.11, XXV.14, XXV.15
3	31	10.99	93	15.55	I.2, II.4, II.7, III.6, IV.7, IV.11, VII.5, IX.1, IX.5, X.4, XI.12, XIV.10, XIV.20, XV.6, XVI.28, XIX.2, XIX.3, XIX.9, XIX.11, XIX.14, XIX.17, XIX.22, XX.3, XXII.2, XXII.3, XXV.1, XXV.2, XXV.3, XXV.7, XXV.8, XXV.9
4	19	6.74	76	12.71	III.4, III.10, V.1, VII.8, VIII.3, X.1, X.6, X.7, XI.8, XII.11, XIV.16, XV.3, XVI.29, XVII.3, XIX.8, XX.4, XXII.12, XXIV.5, XXIV.6
5	9	3.19	45	7.53	IV.8, IV.24, XII.7, XVI.23, XVIII.4, XVIII.9, XXII.6, XXII.6a, XXV.12
6	5	1.77	30	5.02	II.5, III.1, XIV.17, XX.7, XXIII.1
11	3	1.06	33	5.52	IV.14, XIII.4, XVI.26
12	1	0.35	12	2.01	XX.6
13	1	0.35	13	2.17	XV.4
Total	282 of 282	99.98	598 of 598	100.01

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	282	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	130
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	329	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	598
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.12	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.82
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.17	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	46.1 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	437.29	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	8,745,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	533.66	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00007
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	78.26%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	2,735.03
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	6,837.57

Remarks