Social War (moving military mint), silver, denarii (Minerva/two warriors clasping hands) (87 BCE)
From SILVER
87 BCE - 87 BCE Silver 697 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted and draped bust of Minerva to right, wearing aegis, to left, Victory standing right, crowning Minerva. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΙΙΙΛ Two warriors walking toward each other and clasping their right hands, the one on the left carries a long standard and the one on the right is disembarking from a galley, the forepart of which is on the right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Social War (moving military mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Campania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Italia, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 87 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 87 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Campana 1987, p. 123-124 (Serie XV) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sydenham 1952, n° 632, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HN Italy, n° 416 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 25 | 2 | 5.13 | 129, 131 |
| 2 | 2 | 25 | 4 | 10.26 | 124, 128 |
| 3 | 1 | 12.5 | 3 | 7.69 | 130 |
| 8 | 1 | 12.5 | 8 | 20.51 | 125 |
| 9 | 1 | 12.5 | 9 | 23.08 | 126 |
| 13 | 1 | 12.5 | 13 | 33.33 | 127 |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 39 of 39 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 9 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 39 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.33 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.93 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 178,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 10.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.87% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,734.6 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 697 kg <br /> 697 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,836.51 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Campana, Alberto (1987), La monetazione degli insorti italici durante la guerra sociale (91-87 a.C.), Soliera, xv, 153 p., 12 pl., 32 cm
- ^ Sydenham, Edward Allen (1952), The Coinage of the Roman Republic, London, Spink & Son Ltd., lxix, 343 p., 30 pl.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
