Social War (moving military mint), silver, denarii (Minerva/standing warrior with four shields) (88/87 BCE)
From SILVER
88 BCE - 87 BCE Silver 810 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of Italia left, in crested helmet and aegis, being crowned by Victory |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Soldier standing facing, head right, holding spear pointing downwards and sword, his left foot placed on upper portion of a Roman standard, on right, forepart of bull, on left, a tree to which are attached four shields, IIV in ex. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Social War (moving military mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Campania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Italia, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 88 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 87 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Campana 1987, p. 120-121 (Serie XIV) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sydenham 1952, n° 630, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HN Italy, n° 418 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 25 | 2 | 8.7 | 117, 119 |
| 2 | 3 | 37.5 | 6 | 26.09 | 116, 121, 123 |
| 4 | 2 | 25 | 8 | 34.78 | 118, 120 |
| 7 | 1 | 12.5 | 7 | 30.43 | 122 |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 23 of 23 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 8 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 23 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.88 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 10.38 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 207,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 12.27 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 91.3% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,431.6 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 810 kg <br /> 810 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 11,079 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Campana, Alberto (1987), La monetazione degli insorti italici durante la guerra sociale (91-87 a.C.), Soliera, xv, 153 p., 12 pl., 32 cm
- ^ Sydenham, Edward Allen (1952), The Coinage of the Roman Republic, London, Spink & Son Ltd., lxix, 343 p., 30 pl.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
