Social War (moving military mint), silver, denarii (Dioscuros/Italia driving biga) (88/87 BCE)
From SILVER
88 BCE - 87 BCE Silver 1,138 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Draped bust of one of the Dioscuri, wearing laureate pileus, surmounted by star |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Italia (or Minerva), holding shield in left hand, spear and reins in right, driving galloping biga right, two pellets and bucranium |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Social War (moving military mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Campania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Italia, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 88 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 87 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Campana 1987, p. 114-116 (Serie XII) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sydenham 1952, n° 633, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HN Italy, n° 417 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 33.33 | 4 | 9.76 | 104, 107, 113, 114 |
| 2 | 2 | 16.67 | 4 | 9.76 | 109, 112 |
| 3 | 1 | 8.33 | 3 | 7.32 | 108 |
| 4 | 1 | 8.33 | 4 | 9.76 | 106 |
| 5 | 1 | 8.33 | 5 | 12.2 | 103 |
| 6 | 2 | 16.67 | 12 | 29.27 | 105, 111 |
| 9 | 1 | 8.33 | 9 | 21.95 | 110 |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 99.99 | 41 of 41 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 12 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 41 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.42 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.42 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 14.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 291,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 16.97 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 90.24% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,620.29 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,138 kg <br /> 1,138 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,050.72 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Campana, Alberto (1987), La monetazione degli insorti italici durante la guerra sociale (91-87 a.C.), Soliera, xv, 153 p., 12 pl., 32 cm
- ^ Sydenham, Edward Allen (1952), The Coinage of the Roman Republic, London, Spink & Son Ltd., lxix, 343 p., 30 pl.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
