Rome, silver, denarii (veiled Venus/Venus driving biga) (RRC 360/1 Censorinus, Limetanus, and Crepusius - 83 BCE)
From SILVER
83 BCE - 83 BCE Silver 9,425 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | L·CENSORIN (Latin).Diademed, draped, and veiled bust of Venus r., wearing earring and pearl necklace |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Below horses, C·LIMETA and in exergue, P·CREPVSI (Latin).Venus in biga r. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rome | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Latium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 83 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 83 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.95 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1De Luca 2020, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Campana - Deberanrdi - Lippi 2025 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RRC, n° 360/1 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 113 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 13 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 133 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 782 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.92 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5.88 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.18 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 119.3 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,386,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 132.09 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00033 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.34% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,109.81 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,425 kg <br /> 9,425 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 32,774.52 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Likely military
