Rome, silver, denarii (Victory/Jupiter driving quadriga) (RRC 352/1 L. Julius Bursio - 85 BCE)
From SILVER
85 BCE - 85 BCE Silver 39,663 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate, winged, and draped bust of Apollo Vejovis right, trident over shoulder, control mark to left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | L·IVLI·BVRSIO, EX·A·P (Latin).Victory in quadriga, right, holding reins in left hand and wreath in right hand. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rome | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Latium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 85 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 85 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1De Ruyter 1996, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Debernardi - Campana - Lippi 2024, p. 24, table 4 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sydenham 1952, n° 728, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RRC, n° 352/1 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 460 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 77 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 405 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 2359 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.13 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5.82 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.88 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.74 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 508.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 10,170,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 571.43 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00023 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.74% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,278.27 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 39,663 kg <br /> 39,663 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 23,195.67 |
Remarks
Certainly military
The number of 65 obverses is extrapolated from the 65 counted reverses
References
- ^ De Ruyter, P. H. (1996), "The Denarii of the Roman Republican Moneyer Lucius Julius Bursio, a Die Analysis," The Numismatic Chronicle, 156, p. 79-147.
- ^ Debernadi, Pierluigi, Campana, Alberto and Lippi, Roberto (2024), “Roman Republican die output during the CENSOR – CREPVSI – LIMETAN triumvirate,” Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia, 33, p. 17-35.
- ^ Sydenham, Edward Allen (1952), The Coinage of the Roman Republic, London, Spink & Son Ltd., lxix, 343 p., 30 pl.
- ^ Crawford, Michael H. (1974), Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge
