Rome, silver, denarii (Roma/column with two figures) (RRC 243/1- Tiberius Minucius Augurinus - 134 BCE)
From SILVER
134 BCE - 134 BCE Silver 7,816 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted head of Roma, right. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ROMA TI·MINVCI·C·F AVGVRINI (Latin).Spiral column, standing on column, statue holding staff in right hand, at base of column, two corn-ears, on left, togate figure holding loaves (?) and placing left foot on modius, on right, togate figure holding lituus in right hand. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rome | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Latium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 134 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 134 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hordies 2024 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RRC, n° 243/1 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 27 | 35.06 | 27 | 12.27 | 10, 13, 22, 23, 34, 37, 43, 44, 46, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77 |
| 2 | 20 | 25.97 | 40 | 18.18 | 3, 5, 7, 8, 16, 20, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 38, 41, 49, 50, 56, 64, 65, 71, 75 |
| 3 | 10 | 12.99 | 30 | 13.64 | 9, 14, 15, 21, 27, 29, 31, 36, 53, 57 |
| 4 | 4 | 5.19 | 16 | 7.27 | 1, 11, 62, 63 |
| 5 | 4 | 5.19 | 20 | 9.09 | 17, 42, 45, 47 |
| 6 | 6 | 7.79 | 36 | 16.36 | 2, 6, 18, 19, 24, 35 |
| 7 | 2 | 2.6 | 14 | 6.36 | 12, 39 |
| 8 | 2 | 2.6 | 16 | 7.27 | 25, 48 |
| 9 | 1 | 1.3 | 9 | 4.09 | 40 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.3 | 12 | 5.45 | 4 |
| Total | 77 of 77 | 99.99 | 220 of 220 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 77 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 27 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 70 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 220 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.86 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.14 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.91 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 35.06 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 100.21 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,004,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 118.46 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 87.73% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,390.78 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 7,816 kg <br /> 7,816 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 10,976.95 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Likely military
References
- ^ Hordies, Loïc (2024), L'utilisation de la monnaie comme source: étude des caractéristiques techniques, des trésors et de l'iconographie des deniers de Caius et Tiberius Minucius Augurinus (135-134 av. J.-C.), Brussels, ULB, unpublished master degree, 159 p.
- ^ Crawford, Michael H. (1974), Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge
