Mesembria, gold, staters (types of Alexander the Great) (250-225 BCE)
From SILVER
250 BCE - 225 BCE Gold 8,211 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right, wearing earrings, necklace and crested Corinthian helmet |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Nike standing left, holding stylis and wreath. In left field, Corinthian helmet. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Mesembria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 250 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 225 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Karayotov 19941 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Price 19912 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 14.29 | 1, 4 |
4 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 28.57 | 2 |
8 | 1 | 25 | 8 | 57.14 | 3 |
Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 14 of 14 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 14 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.83 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 96,600 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 5.6 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 85.71% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,797.1 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 8,211 kg <br /> 8,211 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,492.75 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Karayotov, Ivan (1994), The coinage of Mesambria. vol. 1: silver and gold coins of Mesambria, Centre of Underwater Archaeology, Sozopol, 134 p. and 44 pl.
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.