Central Italy (uncertain mint), bronze (3.5g) (various types) (100-50 BCE)
From SILVER
100 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Various types. Here: Draped bust of Hermes to right, wearing winged petasos, crescent behind |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Various types. Here: Warrior standing facing, head to left, holding patera and spear |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Central Italy (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Campania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 100 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 50 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Stannard - Carbone 2013 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 11.43 | 4 | 1.75 | 7, 9, 22, 35 |
| 2 | 3 | 8.57 | 6 | 2.63 | 30, 33, 34 |
| 3 | 6 | 17.14 | 18 | 7.89 | 10, 17, 20, 23, 31, 32 |
| 4 | 3 | 8.57 | 12 | 5.26 | 3, 26, 28 |
| 5 | 2 | 5.71 | 10 | 4.39 | 15, 29 |
| 6 | 3 | 8.57 | 18 | 7.89 | 6, 24, 36 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.86 | 7 | 3.07 | 8 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.86 | 8 | 3.51 | 2 |
| 9 | 3 | 8.57 | 27 | 11.84 | 11, 12, 13 |
| 10 | 2 | 5.71 | 20 | 8.77 | 14, 27 |
| 11 | 1 | 2.86 | 11 | 4.82 | 18 |
| 12 | 1 | 2.86 | 12 | 5.26 | 19 |
| 13 | 3 | 8.57 | 39 | 17.11 | 5, 16, 21 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.86 | 14 | 6.14 | 4 |
| 22 | 1 | 2.86 | 22 | 9.65 | 1 |
| Total | 35 of 35 | 100 | 228 of 228 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 35 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 54 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 228 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.51 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.22 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.54 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.43 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 37.25 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 745,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 41.35 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00031 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.25% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 12,241.61 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 30,604.03 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Stannard, Clive - Carbone, Federico (2013), "Pseudo-mints again: a die-study," in Simon Frey (ed.), La numismatique pour passion - Studies in honour of Suzanne Frey-Kupper par quelques-uns de ses amis à l'occasion de son anniversaire, Lausanne, Editions du Zebre, p. 255-301.
