Alexandria (Ptolemy II), gold, pentekontadrachma (jugate busts of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe/jugate busts of Ptolemy I and Berenice) (272-260 BCE)
From SILVER
272 BCE - 260 BCE Gold 165,855 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΑΔΕΛΦΩΝ (Greek).Jugate busts of Ptolemy II, diademed and draped, and Arsinoe II, diademed and veiled, to right, behind, Gallic shield |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΘΕΩΝ (Greek).Jugate busts of Ptolemy I, diademed and draped, and Berenike I, diademed and veiled, to right, to lower right, K |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Alexandria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Egypt | Modern countryModern country: Egypt | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Ptolemaic king, 283-246 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 272 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 260 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | pentekontadrachmon, 1/2 manieion | StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Olivier - Lorber 20131 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Svoronos 18902 , Sear II3 , CPE I4 , [[2]]5 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 16 | 30.77 | 16 | 7.21 | 1, 2, 4, 25, 28, 29, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 |
2 | 7 | 13.46 | 14 | 6.31 | 11, 21, 23, 30, 35, 42, 52 |
3 | 3 | 5.77 | 9 | 4.05 | 27, 38, 41 |
4 | 3 | 5.77 | 12 | 5.41 | 32, 36, 51 |
5 | 3 | 5.77 | 15 | 6.76 | 9, 10, 26 |
6 | 6 | 11.54 | 36 | 16.22 | 3, 14, 16, 31, 34, 35 |
7 | 6 | 11.54 | 42 | 18.92 | 7, 12, 13, 15, 20, 40 |
8 | 2 | 3.85 | 16 | 7.21 | 18, 24 |
9 | 1 | 1.92 | 9 | 4.05 | 6 |
10 | 3 | 5.77 | 30 | 13.51 | 5, 8, 22 |
11 | 1 | 1.92 | 11 | 4.95 | 19 |
12 | 1 | 1.92 | 12 | 5.41 | 17 |
Total | 52 of 52 | 100 | 222 of 222 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 52 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 124 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 222 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.27 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.79 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.38 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 30.77 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 59.66 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,193,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 67.91 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00019 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.79% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,442.17 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 165,855 kg <br /> 165,855 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,605.43 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien - Lorber, Catharine C. (2013), "Three gold coinages of third-century Ptolemaic Egypt," Revue belge de Numismatique, 159, p. 49-150.
- ^ Svoronos, Ioannes N. (1890), Numismatique de Crète ancienne, accompagnée de l'histoire, la géographie et la mythologie de l'île. Première partie, description des monnaies, 2 vol., Macon, Impr. Protat frères.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Lorber, Catharine C. (2018), Coins of the Ptolemaic empire : Part I. Ptolemy I through Ptolemy IV, 2 vol., New York.
- ^ https://numismatics.org/pco/id/cpe.1_1.310