Aesernia (Social War), silver, denarii (Italia/warrior and seated bull) (89 BCE)
From SILVER
89 BCE - 89 BCE Silver 1,631 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Italia l., behind, viteliu in Oscan characters. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Soldier in helmet and cloak, standing facing, head r., holding reversed spear, his l. foot is placed on a Roman standard, by his side, on r., recumbent bull. In exergue, T. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Aesernia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Italia, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 89 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 89 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
Aesernai_642.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Campana 19871Campana 1987, p. 98-106 (Serie IX) and p. 112 (Serie XI) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sydenham 19522Sydenham 1952, n° 627, HN Italy3HN Italy, n° 412 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 1 | 4.76 | 2 | 0.73 | 83 |
| 3 | 1 | 4.76 | 3 | 1.09 | 82 |
| 4 | 1 | 4.76 | 4 | 1.46 | 101 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.76 | 5 | 1.82 | 88 |
| 6 | 3 | 14.29 | 18 | 6.57 | 90, 97, 98 |
| 7 | 1 | 4.76 | 7 | 2.55 | 81 |
| 8 | 1 | 4.76 | 8 | 2.92 | 91 |
| 9 | 2 | 9.52 | 18 | 6.57 | 89, 102 |
| 10 | 1 | 4.76 | 10 | 3.65 | 93 |
| 14 | 1 | 4.76 | 14 | 5.11 | 92 |
| 16 | 2 | 9.52 | 32 | 11.68 | 84, 87 |
| 17 | 1 | 4.76 | 17 | 6.2 | 86 |
| 18 | 1 | 4.76 | 18 | 6.57 | 96 |
| 22 | 1 | 4.76 | 22 | 8.03 | 95 |
| 24 | 1 | 4.76 | 24 | 8.76 | 94 |
| 27 | 1 | 4.76 | 27 | 9.85 | 85 |
| 45 | 1 | 4.76 | 45 | 16.42 | 99 |
| Total | 21 of 21 | 99.97 | 274 of 274 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 21 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 0 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 22 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 274 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13.05 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 12.45 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.05 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 20.91 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 418,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 22.74 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00066 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 26,207.56 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,631 kg <br /> 1,631 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 65,518.89 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Certainly military
References
- ^ Campana, Alberto (1987), La monetazione degli insorti italici durante la guerra sociale (91-87 a.C.), Soliera, xv, 153 p., 12 pl., 32 cm
- ^ Sydenham, Edward Allen (1952), The Coinage of the Roman Republic, London, Spink & Son Ltd., lxix, 343 p., 30 pl.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
