Abdera, bronze, 1.6g (griffin/various types) (395-360 BCE)
From SILVER
395 BCE - 360 BCE Bronze
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Differents types : 1) Griffin jumping from a base to left, open wing, front paws raised, (above a cicada) (n° 22, 33-39, 61-81), 2) Griffin seated left or right, open wing, one front paw raised, within linear circle (n° 40-60). |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Different types : 1) Head of 'Hermes left, wearing petasos. In the field, a caduceus and a monetary name: EΠΙ … (n° 22), 2) Head of Dionysos left, bearded, wearing ivy wreath. In the field, a magistrate name: ANAΞΙΔΙΚΟΣ (n° 33-39), 3) Volute krater. In the field, a magistrate name: EYAΓΩΝ (n° 40-45), 4) Head of Silenus/Pan right.In the field, a magistrate name: KΛEAN or KΛΕAΙΝΤΙΔΗΣ (n° 46-60), 5) Female head left, wearing diadem and saccos. In the field, a magistrate name: EXEKPATHΣ (n° 61-62), 6) Scalop shell within incuse square. In the field, ΠΡΩΤ (n° 63-69), 7) Ear of cereal. In the field,ΠΡΩΤHΣ (n° 70-81). |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Abdera | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 395 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 360 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | chalkous ![]() |
StandardStandard.: |
Image

Abdera_bronze_chalkous_395.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Chryssanthaki-Nagle 20071Chryssanthaki-Nagle 2007, p. 181-187, no. 22, 33-81. | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 3.22HGC 3.2, n° 1247 |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 38 | 86.36 | 38 | 69.09 | 1 (HPO), 1 (ΑΝΑ), 2 (ΑΝΑ), 3 (ΑΝΑ), 4 (ΑΝΑ), 5(ΑΝΑ), 6 (ΑΝΑ), 7 (ΑΝΑ), 1 (ΕΥΑ), 4 (ΕΥΑ), 5 (ΕΥΑ), 1 (ΚΛΕ 1), 3 (ΚΛΕ 1), 4 (ΚΛΕ 1), 6 (ΚΛΕ 1), 7 (ΚΛΕ 1), 8 (ΚΛΕ 1), 9 (ΚΛΕ 1), 10 (ΚΛΕ 1), 1 (ΚΛΕ 2), 1 (ΚΛΕ 3), 2 (ΚΛΕ 3), 1 (ΕΧΕ), 2 (ΕΧΕ), 2 (ΠΡΟ II), 3 (ΠΡΟ II), 4 (ΠΡΟ II), 5 (ΠΡΟ II), 1 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 2 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 3 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 4 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 5 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 6 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 8 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 9 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 10 (ΠΡΟ III 1), 1 (ΠΡΟ III 2) |
2 | 3 | 6.82 | 6 | 10.91 | 3 (ΕΥΑ), 2 (ΚΛΕ), 7 (ΠΡΟ III 1) |
3 | 2 | 4.55 | 6 | 10.91 | 5 (ΚΛΕ), 1 (ΠΡΟ II) |
5 | 1 | 2.27 | 5 | 9.09 | 2 (ΕΥΑ) |
Total | 44 of 44 | 100 | 55 of 55 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 44 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 38 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 48 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 55 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.25 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.15 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.09 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 86.36 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 171.61 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,432,200 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 220 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 30.91% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 640.99 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,602.47 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Chryssanthaki-Nagle, Katerina (2007), L’histoire monétaire d’Abdère en Thrace (VIe s. av. J.-C. – IIe s. ap. J.-C.), 431 p., 64 plates.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.